Pandemic Rise Back Scholarship

Louisville Beauty Academy – $8,300 to 100% tuition Scholarship for Licensed Beauty Instructor Program – Community Rise Back Effort 2021 – Text Us Now 502-625-5531

In the effort of grooming future beauty (cosmetology, esthetic, and nail technology) instructors, and community rise back effort from pandemic, Louisville Beauty Academy is offering 100% of tuition scholarship ($8,300) = FREE TUITION for Licensed Beauty Instructor programs, thanks to school’s partner Louisville Fund A Student Foundation.

Louisville Beauty Academy instructor program’s total package price is $11,652. With this scholarship, our students would only be accountable for the instructor program student kits, books and fees that would equals two $1800 enrollment deposit and $200/month for 5 months (small payment plan with zero interest.

What’s the Catch?

The catch is that student with this scholarship are committed to completing this program in seven months; which full time student only need 4.5 months to finish and pass the Kentucky State Board exam in 2 months after graduation. He/she is also committed to working for Louisville Beauty Academy for 2 years.

Text us today for questions at Louisville Beauty Academy enrollment 502-625-5531

Instructor Program Requirement

Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology Requirement to be Apprentice Instructor/Cosmetology Instructor
  • Must be a currently licensed cosmetologist, esthetician or nail technician, must have been licensed at least one (1) year
  • As of Dec 2021, Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology is allowing 325 hours theory study of total 750 hours for Instructor Apprentice to be studied online. This is the ONLY program that has online study options now
Louisville Beauty Academy - Students and Graduates Transfer of Hours From and To Other States in United States

Louisville Beauty Academy – Students and Graduates Transfers of Hours Between States – Regulated By Kentucky State Board Of Cosmetology and Hairdressers

Louisville Beauty Academy – Transfer of Credit Hour From School To School or State to State

Disclaimer: Please note that the information provided here is subject to change as per the current policies of the Kentucky State Board. Therefore, the details presented are based on the most up-to-date information available at the moment.

EXACT STEPS OF EXECUTION

Here is a step-by-step guide for transferring state certified beauty trained hours for any program (cosmetology, esthetic, nail technology, and instructor license) to or from Kentucky state:

  1. Contact the Kentucky State Board from which you are transferring. Request that they send the transfer of credit/license information via mail and email to the state board you are transferring to.
  2. Allow 15 to 30 days for the transfer process to take place. Afterward, reach out to the state board you are transferring to and inquire about the confirmation of receipt. Also, ask for further guidance on the next steps.
  3. Get in touch with the school you attended for your beauty training. Request a student transcript, as most state boards require this document for the transfer process.
  4. If the state board you are transferring to informs you that you need additional hours to qualify for the licensing exam, you can consider enrolling in a school like Louisville Beauty Academy to complete the necessary hours.

Please keep in mind that the specific requirements and procedures may vary, so it is essential to follow the instructions provided by the respective state boards and schools involved in the transfer process.

ELABORATION ON DETAIL

Objective:

Many individuals have repeatedly asked questions about transferring certified training hours for cosmetology, nail technology/manicure, and esthetic/aesthetic, as well as state licenses, both to and from Kentucky State. This section aims to provide concise answers to these common inquiries.

Short Answers:

  1. Yes, you can transfer your beauty license and certified training hours between Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdress and other states. However, the process can be time-consuming.
  2. To transfer hours from another state to Kentucky, you need to follow the guidelines set by the Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology. It is crucial to comply with their specific requirements.
  3. While Louisville Beauty Academy can offer guidance and advice, they strictly adhere to the guidelines outlined by the Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology. They can assist you within the framework provided by the board.
  4. Whether or not you have to retake the exam depends on the destination state’s requirements. You will need to apply to the respective State Board and follow their instructions. They will guide you on whether you need to retake the exam or apply for a new license in their state.

  • The transfer of your license or certified training hours must be facilitated by the State Board, not by the applicant. You need to contact the State Board and request them to initiate the transfer on your behalf.
  • The applicant is responsible for following all the necessary steps as required by the Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology.
  • The applicant must apply to the destination State Board to have their transferred license or certified training hours accepted and processed. The State Board will provide guidance on the subsequent steps, such as retaking the exam or obtaining a new license in their state.
  • If you did not take the exam on the NIC examination system (National Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology), please note that as of 2022-223, the NIC has transitioned to PSI (Psychological Services, Inc.). Therefore, it is important to be aware of this recent change.
  • PSI now provides standardized, valid, and legally defensible national theory and practical examinations for cosmetology and related fields. The administration of computer-based testing and practical examinations is handled by authorized test administration companies and states. You can find a list of states that utilize PSI Testing on their website.

Please note that the information provided here is intended to serve as a general guide, and it is important to refer to the specific instructions and guidelines provided by the respective State Boards for accurate and up-to-date information.

Long Answers:

Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdress – Out of State Info

When it comes to transferring your certified training hours, licenses, or credentials for cosmetology, nail technology/manicure, and esthetic/aesthetic to or from the Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdress, it’s important to be aware of the specific requirements and procedures. Here is a detailed overview to help you navigate the process:

  1. Processing Time and Verification: Please allow a minimum of 30 days for the application processing time due to the high volume of applicants. The office cannot verify the receipt of applications unless it has been more than 30 days since submission. If you require verification, it is recommended to submit your application through traceable means via the postal system.
  2. Certification of License: All out-of-state applicants must obtain a certification of license from the state board that issued the license. This certification should be requested by the applicant from the licensing agency of the state they are transferring from and must be submitted directly from that agency. Certifications cannot be accepted from the applicant directly.
  3. Specific Requirements for Each Program: Different programs have varying requirements for hours and education:
  • Cosmetologist: 1500 hours of training and a 12th-grade education.
  • Nail Technician: 450 hours of training and a 12th-grade education.
  • Esthetician: 750 hours of training and a 12th-grade education.
  • Apprentice Instructor/Instructor: 750 hours of training and a 12th-grade education.
  1. Certification of Out-of-State Hours: If you have completed hours in another state, you must provide a certification of hours and/or license from the state licensing agency where the hours were obtained. This certification should be requested by you and submitted directly from the transferring state’s licensing agency. Only hours certified by the state licensing agencies will be accepted, and school transcripts will not be accepted.
  • Equivalent Hours: If your out-of-state hours are equivalent to Kentucky’s hourly requirement for the specific license, you can apply as an Out-of-State Exam applicant.
  • Insufficient Hours: If your out-of-state hours do not meet Kentucky’s hourly requirement, you must complete the remaining hours required for that license at a school of cosmetology in Kentucky before applying for the licensing exam. Kentucky will only accept the amount of hours required for licensing by the state you are transferring from.
  1. Examinations: The specific examinations required vary for each program:
  • Cosmetology: Written and Practical examinations.
  • Nail Technician: Written and Practical examinations.
  • Esthetician: Written and Practical examinations.
  1. Licensed Out-of-State: If you hold an out-of-state license that was obtained through a nationally certified examination, you may apply for licensure in Kentucky without having to complete the NIC examination. However, if your out-of-state license was not obtained through a nationally certified examination, you will be required to successfully complete the NIC examination (both theory and practical) before licensure can be granted in Kentucky.
  2. Required Documentation for Out-of-State License Transfer Application: Along with your application, you must submit the following documents:
  • Copy of Applicant’s Driver’s License or State-Issued ID.
  • Certification of Professional License: This must be requested from the professional licensing board of the state where your license was issued. Certifications should be submitted directly to the Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology.
  • Proof of 12th Grade Education: Acceptable documentation includes college, high school, or GED transcript or diploma. If your education was obtained outside of the United States, an official translation must be provided.

Please ensure that all requested documentation (except license certification) is included with your transfer application and the corresponding fee as specified on the application form. Incomplete applications missing documentation will not be considered for approval.

Important notice:

Kindly note that the processing time for complete and accurate out-of-state transfer applications received by the Board office is approximately 30 days. We kindly ask you to plan accordingly, considering this timeframe for your application.

Thank you for your understanding and cooperation. Should you have any questions or require further assistance, please feel free to reach out. We are here to help ensure a smooth and efficient transfer process.

Louisville Beauty Academy - Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdresser -
Out of State Transfer Application Instruction
Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdresser –
Out of State Transfer Application Instruction
Louisville Beauty Academy - Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdresser -
Out of State Transfer Application Form
Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdresser –
Out of State Transfer Application Form

References:

Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdressers – Transfer Out of State License and Certified Training Hours https://kbc.ky.gov/Licensure/Pages/Out-of-State-Info.aspx

National Interstate Council of State Boards of Cosmetology (NIC) – Course Content Focused for State Board Examination – Cosmetology & Hair Design, Barbering (Barber Styling, Barber, Barber 1), Body Piercing, Electrology, Esthetics/ Aesthetic, Esthetics-Advanced Practice (AP), Instructor, Manager, and Nail Technology

https://nictesting.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NIC-References-3.1.2020.pdf

Louisville Beauty Academy - Aesthetic, esthetic, licensed esthetician program - Kentucky Most Affordable aesthetic school

What is Esthetic? What are The differences between Beauty Esthetic and Aesthetic?

Licensed Skincare Specialist – Beauty Esthetician and Medical Aesthetician – The Same 750 hours Required by KY State and Same License Granted by KY State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdresser

Some of us at one point Googling the skincare training program or skincare training institute and encounter these two words: 1- Esthetic and 2- Aesthetic. Matter of fact, when you google esthetic, the term aesthetic comes up with its definition. Schools across the United State have programs and courses in regard to the specific of Esthetic and/or Aesthetic. So what is Esthetic and what is Aesthetic? What are the differences between Esthetic and Aesthetic? 

Similarity Between Esthetic and Aesthetic

Louisville Beauty Academy – Aesthetic, esthetic, licensed esthetician program – Kentucky Most Affordable aesthetic school
  1. Similarity Between Beauty Esthetic and Medical Aesthetic
    1. Esthetic and Aesthetic are the SAME in the definition of Oxford Languages. Both words can be used interchangeably as they both means or refers to the appreciation of beauty, and a set of principles underlying and guiding the work of a particular artist or artistic movement. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, “aesthetics also esthetics” comes together as one. 
    2. Esthetician and aesthetician are the SAME; both licensed skin specialists who are trained the state-required 750 hours by the licensed school such as Louisville Beauty Academy, regulated and license examined by the same licensing board – Kentucky State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdressers.

Differences Between Esthetic and Aesthetic

  1. Differences Between Beauty Esthetic and Medical Aesthetic
    1. Esthetic and Aesthetic are the DIFFERENT in an extra ‘A’ at the beginning. This is similar to the word color and colour. Esthetic is used in American-English language while aesthetics is used in British-English language. 
    2. Esthetic and Aesthetic are the DIFFERENT in skincare career work environment context. Esthetician and aesthetician (same licensed skincare specialists) are both licensed after study the same 750 hours at licensed school such as Louisville Beauty Academy, he/she can determine the career focus where he/she want to work at: 
      1. Salon Context (skincare and beauty salon
        1. This licensed skincare specialist is BRANDED as Esthetician
        2. He/she can take continuing education or training in salon focus skill/specialty for salon/beauty care
      2. Medical context (doctor office)
        1. This licensed skincare specialist is BRANDED as Aesthetician or medical aesthetician
        2. He/she can take continuing education or training in medical focus skill/specialty for medical/health care
Louisville Beauty Academy - Aesthetic, esthetic, licensed esthetician program - Kentucky Most Affordable aesthetic school
Louisville Beauty Academy – Aesthetic, esthetic, licensed esthetician program – Kentucky Most Affordable aesthetic school

According to study.com

Beauty esthetician, traditional esthetician and licensed skincare specialist have the following job description

  • State license estheticians such as KY State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdressers license esthetician 
  • Conduct skin analysis for health problems and temporarily remove hair.
  • Clean skin through skin massage, aromatherapy, facials, and skin exfoliation
  • Focus in cosmetic such as makeup, skincare product recommendation based on skin type
  • Business tends to be in salons, resorts, fitness clubs and spas environment

Aesthetician, medical aesthetician and licensed skincare specialist in the medical context have the following job description:

  • State license estheticians such as KY State Board of Cosmetology and Hairdressers license esthetician
  • Known as clinical or paramedical aestheticians who are often taking additional continue education with a clinical focus. 
  • Conduct skin analysis with medical conditions such as burn victims, cancer patients, and health-related skin issues.
  • Cleanse and moisturize their skin and also do some cosmetic work like a beauty esthetician

Beauty Esthetician and Medical Aesthetician Always Overlap

There are overlaps between beauty esthetician and medical esthetician because they are required to be trained, regulated, and licensed by the same licensed school such as Louisville Beauty Academy and KY state board of Cosmetology and Hairdressers. The difference is in focus, work environment, and definitely in salary. 

In regard to salary, anything that relates to medical tends to stand out as it requires more education and training. Medical fields are also more strictly regulated, therefore medical aesthetician often only works under directly sponsor or supervision of a medical doctor; which it also means salary is often more at the start for medical aesthetician versus beauty esthetician. With that said, beauty industry especially the skincare beauty industry is in the range of $148 Billion in 2020, and it continues to go up according to statista.com. Beauty small business is also quite lucrative and debatably easier than other industries to start. So, salary is debatable for who can make more than who between beauty estheticians and medical aestheticians. 

References:

Aesthetic | Definition of Aesthetic by Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aesthetic

Cestar College. (2016, May 2). What’s The Difference Between Esthetics And Aesthetics? Cestar College. https://www.cestarcollege.com/blog/whats-the-difference-between-esthetics-and-aesthetics/

Dictionary.com. (n.d.). Esthetic | Definition of Esthetic at Dictionary.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/esthetic

Difference Between Aesthetics and Esthetics | Difference Between. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2020, from http://www.differencebetween.net/language/words-language/difference-between-aesthetics-and-esthetics/

Kentucky Esthetician Schools: Listings & License Info. (n.d.). Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://ourworldisbeauty.com/esthetician-schools/kentucky/

Skin care industry: Global skincare market size 2012-2025. (n.d.). Statista. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/254612/global-skin-care-market-size/

What’s the Difference Between an Aesthetician and Esthetician? (n.d.). Study.Com. Retrieved July 30, 2020, from https://study.com/articles/Whats_the_Difference_Between_an_Aesthetician_and_Esthetician.html

Louisville Beauty Academy - 3 Microbalding Training - Now Available

Transform Your Passion into Mastery: 3-Day Exclusive Microblading Certification with Industry Expert Shelby Bradshaw at Louisville Beauty Academy

3 Days Microblading Specialist Program

The Louisville Beauty Academy offers a comprehensive 3-Day Intensive Microblading Specialist Program, providing a unique opportunity for aspiring microblading specialists to learn from industry experts. Key features of the program include:

  • Instructor: Shelby Bradshaw, a seasoned professional with over 20 years of experience in the beauty industry.
  • Class Size: Limited to just four students, ensuring personalized attention and hands-on training.
  • Course Fee: $4,500, which includes all necessary materials.
  • Included in the Fee:
    • Comprehensive kit with all required tools.
    • Full luxury kit for practice and professional use.
  • Training Focus: In-depth instruction in both microblading and shading techniques.
  • Certification: Participants will receive a Master Certification upon completion of the program.
  • Location: Louisville Beauty Academy, known for its commitment to excellence in beauty education.
Making Payment Now – $4500

This program is a collaboration between Shelby Bradshaw of “I Woke Up Like This Beauty Bar” and Di Tran of Louisville Beauty Academy, offering an unmatched learning experience in the field of microblading.

4 STUDENT MAX CLASS SIZE

Louisville Beauty Academy – Microblading Student in Training

Cosmetology School – Fact and Myth – School Category + Accreditation + Quality

Objective:

This article is a summary of higher level information about key elements of cosmetology school, a higher educational institute. The objective is to synthesize all cosmetology school information and share a more complete set knowledge to enable our community to determine his/her school need, especially beauty school or cosmetology school.

The key elements to be addressed here are:

  1. Cosmetology School (Technical, Vocational, and Trade) Vs General Education College
    • Cosmetology School Certification vs General Educational Degree
  2. Choosing School – School Evaluation
    • Quality of Education
  3. Accreditation Myth and Fact

A more important aspect is this is a collection of multiple source information summaries; NOT a single person perspective.

Motivation:

School is an important aspect of life and having a big impact in both the short term and long term need (survival needs for many) of an individual. School or cosmetology school matters are often questioned and answered in bit and piece, incomplete and in a distributed fashion;  therefore it is important for a community to have a most complete set of knowledge, as unbiased as possible,  short, simplified, summarized and easy to get a jump start in cosmetology school determination.

Cosmetology School vs. General Education College

The comparison of higher school starts with the definition and determination of school comparison variable or items to use to compare the school with. The comparison variables include:

  1. School category (Technical, Vocational or Trade Vs General Education)
  2. Certification type (Certification Vs Degree)
  3. Cost
    • Educational cost total
    • Cost Aid:
      1. Educational aid qualification
      2. Educational loan
  • Educational payment plan
  • Time
    1. Study time
    2. Time of life
  • Time of work
  1. Return on investment
    • Job Finding or Job Placement
    • Average salary

Higher School Category

According to Webster, higher education/school means education or school that is beyond secondary level education; also means above high school/12 grade or equivalent diploma such as GED (Webster, 2017). This indicates a requirement to have proof high school or equivalent at the enrollment time of higher educational institute like cosmetology school.

Higher education is broken down into 5 categories (US Gov Financial Aid, 2017):

  • Career, technical, trade or vocational courses/program
  • General Education – Associate Degree – 2 years
  • General Education – Bachelor’s degree – 4 Years
  • General Education – Master’s Degree – 6 years
  • General Education – Doctorate Degree – 8+ years

Based on the list above, education is literally broken down into 2 buckets or groups:

  • General education
    • Regulated by Board of Education – a government agency (independent board and commission)
  • Career education (or trade, vocational, technical education)
    • Regulated by different board and commission based on the area of trade, technical, vocation or career education
      1. Cosmetology Education – regulated by the Board of Hairdressers and Cosmetologists (KYGov-Cosmetology, 2017)
      2. Barber Education – regulated by the Board of Barbering (KYGov-Barber, 2017)
      3. Massage Therapy – regulated by the Board of Licensure for Massage Therapy (KYGov-MassageTherapy, 2017)

Cosmetology School – Career, Technical, Trade or Vocational School

Cosmetology School is a career, technical, trade or vocational school because it regulated, and defined with the following characteristic by the US government as below (US Gov Financial Aid, 2017):

  • Trade school – focus in developing the skill of a specific trade (buy or sell a good or product)
  • Technical school – focus on the application of license in an occupation
  • Vocational school – focus in the hands-on application of specific skills to do a specific job
  • Career school – focus on hands-on training, and short educational period (usually LESS THAN 2 years)
  • Certification or license granted at the completion of training
  • Public or private – majorly for-profit privately owned

Cosmetology School Vs General Education – Differences

The key difference between cosmetology school (career, technical, trade or vocational school) vs. general education school are:

  • Credit Hour
    • Cosmetology School (KYGov-Cosmetology, 2017)
      • Government agency directly regulates, monitor and log actual hours spent at school as credit hours in the government system.
        • VERY IMPORTANT NOTE:
          • Cosmetology School DOES NOT certify credit hours, but all hours are controlled, logged and certified by a government agency – in this case, the Board of Hairdressers and Cosmetologist
          • Government State Board expect the actual hour spent in school as credit hour
            1. Example:
              • 600 hours for Nail Technology program is required by Government State Board of Kentucky – then it means Nail Technology student need to spend literally 600 hours in school
  • General Educational School
    • General educational is relative, NOT EXACT in term of hours spent for studying both in school/class and at home.
  • Certification vs Degree
    • Cosmetology School (KYGov-Cosmetology, 2017)
      • Certification of completion is given to the student at the completion of all government state board required hours by the school, but this is not official in term of work
      • The certification exam is conducted by the government state board, and expect students to pass (theory + practical) before a TRUE certification is given BY THE STATE BOARD, not school
    • General Education School
      • The degree is given to a student who completes all required course with required level of grade by the school
    • Cost (TheSimpleDollar, 2017)
      • Cost goes hand and hand with the time required for completion of a program
      • Cosmetology School
        • Less than 2 years and significantly a lot less in cost
        • Averagely around $33k and under
        • Roughly around $12/hour
        • Example:
          • Cosmetology Program required 1500 hours by State Board of Cosmetology in Kentucky
            • 1500 hours * $12/hour = $18,000 for tuition only
            • Another expense is around 25% of total tuition cost
              1. 18,000 * .25 = $4,500
            • Total: $22,500 – under $30K for entire cosmetology course of 1,500 hours
      • General Education
        • 4 years degree cost averagely around $120k
          • $120K / 4years = $30k/years
  • Return on Investment
    • Cosmetology Fields (PayScale, 2017, TheSimpleDollar, 2017)
      • Average income for most fields in cosmetology is roughly around $33,000/year
        • Equivalent to $15/hour – go by 40 hours a week and 52 weeks/year
      • General Education (PayScale-General Studies Degree, 2017)
        • Average income for a wide range of fields under general education with 4 year bachelor degree is $36,000-$70,000

Choosing School – School Evaluation

Evaluation of individual need for the type of education is in 2 levels (TheSimpleDollar, 2017):

  • Type of school – Trade, Technical, Vocational or Career School Vs General Education College/University
    • Based on the comparison above, general education takes longer, and cost more; then the result is the individual make more money in the end – MORE EDUCATION, MORE MONEY
    • The decision in terms of the type of school often fall in two areas:
      1. Affordability in term of monetary cost and time cost
        1. Work
        2. Life
        3. School
      2. Educational Interest
        1. General Education is not everyone
        2. Nor Technical, Vocational, Career or Trade is for everyone
  • Career field
    • Both general education and technical school require an individual to pick a field to be specialized in
    • The determining factor goes back to individual interest of specific field, cost, and return on investment (how much you make after you graduate?)

Quality of School

As part of school evaluation, quality of the school is a big bucket on your list to evaluate. Quality of school is defined in term of value of school certification or degree – and that value is relative to a general population perspective that is often measured based on a few criteria below:

  • Job market acceptance of certification or degree – especially from a specific school
  • Certification of credit to knowledge or education – especially from a specific school
  • General Education
    • For general education, popularity and highly or well-accepted school has an effect or impact the quality or value of the degree an individual accomplished
      • Degree become less important once the individual stack up his/her experience – then the general population or company often only refer to his/her accomplishment or experience
    • School matters in term of value determination of the educational degree
  • Cosmetology school or technical, career, trade or vocational education in general
    • For technical school or cosmetology school specifically, the government state board owns, control, monitor and given credit hours, as well as regulate and conduct examination before certification is given – therefore, regardless of which school an individual attend, the same level of certification or value of education is achieved.
      • An individual passes the government standard exam – it also means that he/she is qualified as much as anyone else who attends other school and passed the same exam.
    • School DOES NOT MATTER in term of value determination of education certificate – because everyone get the same certification from Government if they pass government state board standard exam

Accreditation Myth and Fact

Fact

What is Accreditation?

Accreditation is the recognition that an institution maintains a certain national acceptable standard of quality in education and performance. The standard is studied, established, guided, and compliance monitored by accrediting agencies/bodies (many of them based on the type of institute/school and field or type of program/courses) (Gov-Accreditation, 2017). This process applies both to general education college/university and technical/vocation/career/trade school/institute/college.

The accreditation process includes 1-preparation, 2-application, 3-submission, 4-inspection, 5-accreditation, and 6-monitor (FactWebSite, 2017); it is INTENSIVE in both the application as well as the maintenance of the accreditation. This also means it is COSTLY in time=money for the schools (the cost eventually transfer to higher in cost for the student) and RESTRICTIVE in process and procedure for the students.

Cosmetology School Accreditation Agencies

The list of accreditation agencies for cosmetology school or beauty school is limited to less than 5 (BeautySchool, 2017), and the most notable is National Accrediting Commission of Career Arts and Sciences (NACCAS). NACCAS is an independent accrediting commission and nonprofit organization which originates back to 1969 and account/merges with Cosmetology Accrediting Commission (CAC) in 1981 (NACCAS, 2017).

What is Accreditation good for?

Accredited schools or schools with accreditation by an acceptable agency have access to government funding, or Financial Aid (US Gov Financial Aid, 2017).

General Education School

For general education school (4 years degree or above), it is especially important to have accreditation for 2 reasons (50States, 2017)

  1. Accreditation ensures the value of student educational accomplishment or degree
    • Refers back to (Quality of School) section above, the school provides a degree to the student and the quality that include accreditation means a lot to a granted degree – as viewed by the public or employment firms
  2. Cost of 4+ years – is often NOT paid in cash most students
    • $100k+ in school cost is often required an aid – and educational aid is almost always come from Federal Financial Aid which includes 1) small grant (free money) and 2) majorly loan with low-interest rate or interest deferred until student graduation
Cosmetology School

For cosmetology school or other technical, vocational, career or trade school/college, accreditation importance is debatable and not so much required criteria for 2 reasons (50States, 2017):

  • Accreditation is NOT a measure of the value of student educational accomplishment or degree
    • Refers back to (Quality of School) section above, Cosmetology School DOES NOT provide student credit hours NOR grant student certification of accomplishment; GOV STATE BOARD OF COSMETOLOGY DOES. All students receive the same value and qualification from the gov state board of cosmetology after he/she pass the certification exam.
  • Cost of fewer than 2 years
    • $2k – $33k tuition cost, DEPENDS on school tuition chart determines how student go about paying for school
      1. A student may pay cash if the tuition is small enough
      2. A student may pay cash on a payment plan with a school if it is affordable enough
    • Financial Aid gives the student a 2nd option for paying tuition, but also increase student tuition cost because Accreditation and Financial Aid has quite a workload of paperwork that school has to pay a specialist to do – this cost is added to student tuition

Myth in Cosmetology School (Technical, Vocational, Career or Trade School)

This section addresses the myth or the wrong perception for misconstrued information about cosmetology school or technical, vocational, career and trade schools in general (MassageTherapySchool , 2017).

The following is a list of wrongful, misinformed, untrue, incomplete and misleading information:

  • “You cannot be certified in unaccredited technical school”
    • WRONG, a school can only be open when it is approved and certified by the government agency (state board of that specific field). This also means that government state board will ensure you or any student be certified and hand you the certification with the highest standard after you pass the state board certification exam
  • “You cannot pass certification exam if you go to unaccredited technical school”
    • WRONG and more specifically mislead – 1st all student go to any school (which are certified by the government) will be given credit hours and opportunities to take certification exam provided by the government state board.
      • Pass or not pass state board is upon the student study and education of the school
      • When the student evaluate the school, you evaluate the student success or pass exam rate instead of relying on the accreditation
    • “You cannot get your license if you go in unaccredited technical school”
      • WRONG, same answer as (2)
    • “You cannot get a quality education in unaccredited technical school”
      • WRONG and more specifically mislead – quality education often relies on the exam passing rate or student graduation, or student post-school employment rate – NOT SCHOOL ACCREDITATION

Accreditation is the recognition of educational standard compliance; NOT a governing agency nor a regulator of education; especially in cosmetology education or technical/vocational/trade/career education in general. Non-accreditation school can provide the same level of quality and education, while also has an extra advantage over accreditation school because of restriction of accreditation and financial aid.

The advantage of Staying Non-Accredited (MassageTherapySchool, 2017)

  • Flexibility and Less Cost for school + Different Strategy
    • “Owners of these schools possess a very strong passion for the massage profession and tend to favor quality of education over the financial upside involved in franchising, consolidations or acquisitions”
  • Government Involvement in School – Because of Accreditation – NOT necessarily a good thing
    • “It costs a good amount of money getting to that next level and the process involves a mountain of paperwork. Many also despise the fact that the Government’s finger is in it. In essence, these schools feel that more and bigger is not always better, and many of them have proven this statistically through their students’ exam pass rates, job placement rates, and just overall success and satisfaction rates.”

You DO NOT need to go to an accredited school to get the same education

  • “The choice of school you make should not be based on whether it is accredited or non-accredited, but on your specific situation and whether the school you choose fits your and only your situation best.”
  • “The crux of the matter is that you DO NOT need to go to an accredited school if you want to become a successfully licensed specialist”
  • Many non-accredited schools can also deliver the same results and often at a less cost

Reference

Công Nghiệp Nail – Nguồn Gốc và Mối Tương Quan với Dân Số Việt Nam Hiện Nay

Mục tiêu

Đây là bài viết tổng hợp về định nghĩa, nguồn gốc / lịch sử, trạng thái hiện tại và tương đối về tình trạng tương lai của ngành công nghiệp móng tay. Đây là bài viết tổng quan về chủ đề Công nghiệp Nail bao gồm Finger Nail, Toe Nail, Manicure, Pedicure, Artificial Tip.

Động lực

Với sự phổ biến và sự phổ biến của ngành công nghiệp móng ngày nay, không nhiều người thực sự nắm bắt nguồn gốc / lịch sử cũng không có nhiều kiến ​​thức về ngành này. Bài viết này được viết với một suy nghĩ chia sẻ kiến ​​thức quan trọng này và cho phép tất cả chúng ta nhận ra thị trường này đã nhảy vọt từ những gì nó đã được trước đó đến đâu là ngày hôm nay.

Giới thiệu

Tiệm làm móng đã trở thành một đặc điểm chung của các thị trấn, thành phố, khu phố và trung tâm mua sắm ở Hoa Kỳ (Roelofs, & Do, 2012). Ngành công nghiệp móng đã phát triển ở Mỹ trong hai thập kỷ qua (Quach, Nguyen, Doan-Billings, Okahara, Fan, Reynolds, 2008). Yếu tố tăng trưởng nhanh của ngành móng được tìm thấy chủ yếu trong số người nhập cư Việt Nam và số trẻ vị thành niên ở các nước châu Á khác; Những người đã biến đổi ngành công nghiệp làm đẹp và thực hiện thị trường móng chân, móng tay và móng tay giả hợp lý (Federman, Harrington, & Krynski, 2006).

Theo Wahowiak (2015), có hơn 2000 doanh nghiệp được phép làm móng tay và chăm sóc chân tại thành phố New York một mình. Mỹ. Cục Thống kê Lao động (2015) ước tính có khoảng 86.900 thợ làm móng tay và chuyên gia trị liệu tại Mỹ vào năm 2012; Và với tốc độ tăng trưởng, con số ước tính sẽ tăng lên khoảng 100, 400 vào năm 2022. Số lượng và ước tính của Mỹ. Văn phòng lao động đã được chứng minh là ở phía bên thấp; Hoặc bù đắp rất nhiều so với số lượng hiện tại vào năm 2015. Tại California, hiện có hơn 97.000 thợ làm móng; Và 80% trong số các kỹ thuật viên này là người nhập cư Việt Nam (California Healthy Nails Salon Collaborative, 2015).

Dựa trên Tạp chí Nails vào năm 2010, có từ 350.000 đến 376.000 nhân viên kỹ thuật móng làm việc tại Mỹ (NAILS, 2010). Phần lớn các dịch vụ làm móng được chia làm hai loại: 1) các dịch vụ làm móng tay, 2) dịch vụ làm móng với các dịch vụ mỹ phẩm bổ sung khác như waxing và Spa (Alaves, Sleeth, Thiese, & Larson, 2013). Sự phát triển của ngành công nghiệp móng ở Mỹ liên tục ở mức đáng kể và trong phạm vi số lượng lớn cả về lực lượng lao động và doanh nghiệp vì lý do tốt; Đặc biệt là trong số những người nhập cư gốc Á, đặc biệt là người Việt Nam.

Tại sao ngành công nghiệp móng lại hấp dẫn?

Sự thu hút của ngành móng bắt nguồn từ hai khía cạnh chính: 1) sở hữu kinh doanh và 2) việc tìm việc nhanh và dễ dàng (Quách, Nguyễn, Doãn-Billings, Okahara, Fan, & Reynolds, 2008, Lý, & Tufts University, 2003 , Wahowiak, năm 2015). Trong vài thập kỷ qua, Quách, Nguyễn, Doan-Billings, Okahara, Fan và Reynolds, (2008) chỉ ra rằng quyền sở hữu và kinh doanh móng tay đã tăng gấp ba lần; Và đáng kể cho các tài khoản và bao gồm một số lượng lớn lao động nhập cư. Các kỹ thuật viên móng tay được ước tính của Việt Nam tăng lên 10 lần trong khoảng thời gian từ 1987 đến 2002 (Federman, Harrington, và Krynski, 2006).

Từ việc tìm kiếm các quan điểm, kỹ thuật viên làm móng hấp dẫn vì những lý do sau: 1) linh hoạt trong giờ làm việc của tiệm làm tóc, 2) dễ dàng với quá trình làm việc, và 3) khả năng nhanh trong việc kiếm tiền (Wahowiak, 2015). Công việc của Nail đặc biệt phù hợp với người nhập cư vì 1) chương trình đào tạo ngắn, không tốn kém và dễ dàng, 2) lịch trình linh hoạt làm việc xung quanh các bà mẹ nhập cư có nghĩa vụ gia đình, và 3) ít mong đợi về trình độ tiếng Anh (Lý, và Tufts University, 2003) . “Làm công việc thẩm mỹ tại tiệm làm móng, bạn không cần phải có trình độ tiếng Anh cao” (trang 2), và rào cản ngôn ngữ là một thách thức đối với hầu hết người nhập cư tuổi từ trung niên trong quá trình tìm việc làm (Wahowiak, 2015).

Ví dụ về sự dễ dàng với quá trình lên máy bay (Wahowiak, 2015), và đào tạo ngắn, không tốn kém và dễ dàng (Lý, & Tufts University, 2003) được trình bày qua thủ tục Barbering của Tiểu bang California. Do nhu cầu lớn về kỹ thuật viên móng tay của người Việt Nam nên tiểu bang California đã đưa người Việt Nam trở thành một trong những lựa chọn ngôn ngữ chính cho việc kiểm tra giấy phép kỹ thuật viên móng (BBC, 2006); Và điều này cũng dẫn đến sự sẵn có của đào tạo và hướng dẫn của Việt Nam.

Theo quan điểm của quyền sở hữu kinh doanh móng tay, ngành móng tay là một sự phù hợp tuyệt vời cho những ai quan tâm cao đến quyền sở hữu và kiểm soát quyền sở hữu sắc đẹp; Vì lĩnh vực móng đã cho thấy sự tăng trưởng kinh tế nhất quán và đáng kể trong những năm gần đây (Gilels, Gorman, Huang, Liou, Mendiratta, & Philip, 2008). Có một số lượng ngày càng tăng đáng kể các cửa hiệu và trường học thẩm mỹ của Việt Nam; Một dấu hiệu và chỉ số mạnh mẽ rằng móng tay đã trở thành một nghề hơn là một công việc (Gilels, Gorman, Huang, Liou, Mendiratta, & Philip, 2008). Nghiên cứu này là quan tâm và tập trung vào các tác động của ngành công nghiệp móng nói chung, và các dịch vụ móng cụ thể có trên một tiệm móng cụ thể kinh doanh.

Lịch sử của tiệm Nail / Công nghiệp

Theo Walsh (2012), tiệm móng tay là những tiệm nail được gọi là “móng tay hiện đại” được thành lập và bắt nguồn từ đầu những năm 1900 ở Hoa Kỳ. Vào năm 1910, thành phố New York có một khu chăm sóc sắc đẹp được gọi là “Phòng chăm sóc chân”, nơi các cá nhân tầng lớp lao động được điều trị chân (NYT, 1910). Đối với tầng lớp cao hơn, những người có thu nhập lớn hơn; Các phương pháp thay thế và các dịch vụ làm móng tốt hơn được cung cấp tại tiệm salon Elizabeth Arden Red Door trong thời gian làm móng tay (Elizabeth Arden, 2015). Cũng trong thời gian đó, viết về cách làm móng đã bắt đầu phổ biến rộng rãi như những tác phẩm của Woodbury bao gồm: 1) Văn hoá sắc đẹp (Woodbury, 1910), và 2) Chăm sóc bàn tay (Woodbury, 1915).

Sự bắt đầu của tiệm nail hiện đại đánh dấu sự bắt đầu của sáng chế liên quan đến móng. Bằng sáng chế của Hoa Kỳ (năm 1915) về lá chắn ngón tay là một ví dụ điển hình về các sáng chế liên quan đến móng; Nơi mà các bằng sáng chế được nộp về lá chắn móng tay (sản phẩm sản xuất móng đổi màu mà cung cấp một móng tay sạch sẽ và rõ ràng). Trong thập kỷ tiếp theo, ngành mỹ phẩm làm móng sẽ có bước nhảy vọt khi nhiều phụ nữ nhập cư đến Hoa Kỳ và mở các tiệm nail (Federman, Harrington, & Krynski, 2006; NAILS, 2010, California Healthy Nails Salon Collaborative, 2015).

Tăng trưởng trong kinh doanh Salon Nail

Theo Tạp chí Nail, ngành mỹ phẩm làm móng là một trong những ngành phát triển nhanh nhất trong ngành làm đẹp có quy mô thị trường trên 7 tỷ đô la Mỹ (NAILS, 2010; NAILS, 2013). Mức tăng trưởng của nhân viên làm móng (kỹ thuật viên) được ước tính gần 20% từ năm 2008 đến năm 2018 (Walsh, 2012), vượt xa tốc độ tăng trưởng bình quân của các nghề khác trong phạm vi 10% (Lacey, & Wright, 2009); Khi những con số này có khả năng ở phía dưới của dự toán dựa trên Hợp tác Salon Nails của California Healthy Nails (2015).

Để dễ dàng hình dung sự tăng trưởng trong ngành móng, Walsh (2012) so sánh với kinh doanh của Starbucks như sau: “đối với mỗi cửa hàng bán lẻ của Starbucks ở Hoa Kỳ, có hơn bốn tiệm nail”. Các yếu tố giải thích sự bùng nổ của ngành móng là: 1) tăng sự chú ý đến việc chăm sóc móng tay cá nhân, 2) chuyển động đột ngột ở phụ nữ trong thị trường lao động, và 3) sự xuất hiện của tiệm làm móng tay giá rẻ và tiện lợi (Walsh, 2012) . Tiệm làm móng được sử dụng để trở thành một dịch vụ sang trọng; Và ngày nay nó là về giá cả phải chăng, chi phí thấp, điều trị và nuông chiều bản thân, và dịch vụ dễ tiếp cận (Greenhouse, 2007).

Các loại dịch vụ làm móng

Trang trí móng hiện đại ngày nay là ngành công nghiệp lớn bao gồm các mỹ phẩm làm móng khác nhau như: 1) chất làm móng, 2) đánh bóng, 3) phần mở rộng, 4) móng tay nhân tạo / điêu khắc, và 5) trang trí móng tay (Madnani, & Khan, 2012) . Bất kỳ thủ tục điều trị móng nào bao gồm một số bước, và các ứng dụng của một loạt các sản phẩm; Mà Madnani, và Khan (2012) như sau:

Services Service Description
Manicure / Pedicure 1. Làm sạch lớp sơn trước bằng cách loại bỏ hóa chất.

2. Cắt móng theo chiều dài mong muốn

3. Ngâm tay / chân trong nước ấm với chất tẩy nhẹ để loại bỏ bẩn

4. Lấy da thô ráp hoặc sẹo lồi dày

5. Xóa lớp biểu bì

6. Móng móng mịn

7. Massage chân / tay với kem nhẹ nhàng

8. Sơn móng

Nail Hardener 1. Làm sạch bề mặt móng

2. Áp dụng lớp phủ trên móng (để tăng cường móng)

Polishes Áp dụng sơn móng cho các mục đích sau:

1) Làm đẹp

2) Củng cố móng dễ gãy

3) Che giấu hoặc ngụy trang những bất thường hoặc đổi màu bề mặt móng

Polishes removal 1) Xóa sơn bằng Acetone hoặc dung dịch sơn móng tay không chứa acetone

2) Làm móng tay móng hoặc móng tay cho ứng dụng đánh bóng mới

Extension / Artificial / sculpted Nails điêu khắc Có nhiều cách và phong cách:

1) Nails tips: Áp dụng hoặc dán các tấm nhựa lên đầu móng thật và đánh bóng trên đầu.

2) Đinh móng: Dùng acrylic hoặc gel trên móng hiện tại. Quá trình này liên quan đến một hỗn hợp bột và dung dịch; Áp dụng cho móng.

A. Arcylic Nails: hỗn hợp của chất lỏng ethyl methacrylate và bột poly-methacrylate, kết quả trong một hỗn hợp polymetized được mouldable trong hình dạng mong móng.

B. Gel móng tay: hỗn hợp bột và gel lỏng kèm theo tiếp xúc với tia cực tím để tạo móng mở rộng. Giải pháp này giống như nhựa nha khoa. Sức mạnh và độ bền của móng gel là tuyệt vời đến nỗi cách duy nhất để loại bỏ móng Gel là tự tay buff nó đi

Nail Decorations Nails trang trí có nhiều hình thức và phong cách:

1) Nail Arts: Áp dụng nghệ thuật đánh bóng móng; Vẽ tay và tạo mẫu sử dụng sơn móng tay

2) Nail air brush: Áp dụng sơn bàn chải không khí trên bề mặt móng, và niêm phong lớp phủ trên

3) Nail nghệ thuật điêu khắc: áp dụng phong cách làm móng và nghệ thuật sử dụng acrylic hoặc gel

Theo Eckstein và Nguyen (2011), dịch vụ móng tay là một nghề mới tương đối mới. Bộ Lao động Hoa Kỳ trích dẫn một loại chăm sóc móng như là một phân loại việc làm vào những năm 1980, và các tiệm nail như là một phân loại kinh doanh được thêm vào danh sách của Hoa Kỳ Cục Thống kê Lao động danh sách các loại nghề nghiệp (Eckstein & Nguyen, 2011). Việc chăm sóc móng tay chuyên nghiệp luôn là một dịch vụ bổ sung trong tiệm làm tóc (American Salon., 2005); Phát triển thành những tiệm nail tự đứng.

Nail Technician là ai?

Các dịch vụ móng được thực hiện bởi chuyên viên làm móng, được gọi là kỹ thuật viên làm móng (Alaves, Sleeth, Thiese, & Larson, 2013, BBC, 2006; NAILS, 2010). Các kỹ thuật viên làm móng nói đến các chuyên gia được chính quyền bang cấp phép; Những người được kiểm tra và đồng ý thực hiện các thủ tục cấp phép làm móng (Walsh, 2012). Yêu cầu về cấp phép móng tay là khác nhau giữa các tiểu bang và tiểu bang; Nhưng quy trình nói chung bao gồm các yêu cầu như: 1) tuổi cơ bản, 2) mức độ y tế, 3) tiêu chuẩn giáo dục và 4) điểm kiểm tra hoặc kiểm tra tối thiểu (Walsh, 2012).

Có các tiêu chuẩn pháp lý cần phải đáp ứng để trở thành một kỹ thuật viên móng được cấp phép bao gồm kiến ​​thức cơ bản về: 1) kỹ thuật làm móng tay, 2) an toàn và sức khoẻ, 3) vi khuẩn và các bệnh truyền nhiễm, 4) các phương pháp vệ sinh hóa học, và 5) quy tắc vệ sinh và quy định (Walsh, 2012). Để làm chủ tiệm làm móng, Walsh (2012) xây dựng một kỹ thuật viên được cấp phép cũng phải có giấy phép kinh doanh chung từ thành phố hoặc tiểu bang để hoạt động như một chủ tiệm làm móng.

Tài Liệu Tham Khảo

Alaves, V. M., Sleeth, D. K., Thiese, M. S., & Larson, R. R. (2013). Characterization of indoor air contaminants in a randomly selected set of commercial nail salons in Salt Lake County, Utah, USA. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 23(5), 419–433. http://doi.org/10.1080/09603123.2012.755152

Agusthiyar R., & Narashiman, K. (2015). An ETL Based Framework For Data Cleaning In Multi Data Source. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(4), 1005–10014.

American Salon. (2005). Green Book. Cleveland, Ohio: Advanstar Communications

Brettell, C. B., & K. E. Alstatt (2007). The Agency of Immigrant Entrepreneurs: Biographies of the Self-Employed in Ethnic and Occupational Niches of the Urban Labor Market. Journal of Anthropological Research 63:383–397

California Healthy Nails Salon Collaborative. (2015). About Healthy Nail Salons | California Healthy Nail Salon Collaborative. Retrieved from http://www.cahealthynailsalons.org/what-is-hns/about-healthy-nail-salons/

California State Board of Barbering, Cosmetology (BBC). (2006). Application for examination. Sacramento, CA, USA: California State Board of Barbering and Cosmetology.

Eckstein, S., & Nguyen, T.-N. (2011). The Making and Transnationalization of an Ethnic Niche: Vietnamese Manicurists. International Migration Review, 45(3), 639–674. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2011.00861.x

Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (2015). ABOUT ELIZABETH ARDEN. Retrieved September 7, 2015, from https://corporate.elizabetharden.com/about-elizabeth-arden/

Federman, M. N., Harrington, D. E. and Krynski, K. J. (2006). “Vietnamese manicurists: Are immigrants displacing natives or finding new nails to polish?” Industrial and Labor Relations. Review, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 302–318.

Gilels, D., Gorman, A., Huang, P., Liou, J., Mendiratta, A., & Philip, D. (2008). The U.S. Nail Salon Industry. Women & Environments International Magazine, (76/77), 18–21.

Greenhouse, S. (2007, August 19). At Nail Salons, Beauty Treatments Can Have a Distinctly Unglamorous Side. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/19/nyregion/19nails.html

Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (2001) Dome´stica: Immigrant Workers Cleaning and Caring in the Shadows of Affluence. Berkeley: University California Press.

Lacey, A. & Wright, B. (2009) Employment Outlook: 2008-18, MONTHLY LAB. REV., 82, 111.

Ly, M., & Tufts University. (2003). Assessing and communicating occupational health risks to Vietnamese nail salon workers (honors thesis). Medford, MA, USA: Tufts University.

Madnani, N. A., & Khan, K. J. (2012). Nail cosmetics. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, 78(3), 309–317. http://doi.org/10.4103/0378-6323.95445

Min, P. G. (2006). ‘‘Korean Americans.’’ In Asian Americans: Contemporary Trends and Issues. Ed.P. Gap Min. Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press. Pp. 230–259.

NAILS. (2010). Industry Statistics. Nails Magazine 2010 Big Book. Torrance, CA: Available from: http://files.nailsmag.com/Market-Research/bb2010–11stats-reprints.pdf

NAILS (2013). Nails magazine 2012-2013. The Big Book. Retrieved from http://files.nailsmag.com/Market-Research/NAILSbb12-13stats.pdf

Nisbet, R., Elder, J., & Miner, G. (2009). Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications (1 edition). Amsterdam ; Boston: Academic Press.

Roelofs, C., & Do, T. (2012). Exposure Assessment in Nail Salons: An Indoor Air Approach. ISRN Public Health, 1–7. http://doi.org/10.5402/2012/962014

Salon City Inc. (2009). Salon City Reports on Professional Beauty Federation’s Capitol Hill Event. Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://www.marketwired.com/press-release/salon-city-reports-on-professional-beauty-federations-capitol-hill-event-1200838.htm

The New York Time (NYT). (1910, January 6). TAKE YOUR BUNIONS TO THE FREE CLINIC; New Corporation Will Undertake Also to Kill Your Corns Without Charge. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=990CE7D91730E233A25755C0A9679C946196D6CF

Thu Quach, Kim-Dung Nguyen, Doan-Billings, P.-A., Okahara, L., Fan, C., & Reynolds, P. (2008). A Preliminary Survey of Vietnamese Nail Salon Workers in Alameda County, California. Journal of Community Health, 33(5), 336–343. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-008-9107-7

U.S. Department of Labor (2015). Occupational Outlook Handbook: : U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition. Retrieved September 7, 2015, from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/personal-care-and-service/manicurists-and-pedicurists.htm

US Patents. (1915, April 13). Finger-nail shield.  Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/US1135382

Wahowiak, L. (2015). Health advocates helping US salons nail occupational safety. (Cover story). Nation’s Health, 45(3), 1–10.

Waldinger, R. (1994). The Making of an Immigrant Niche. International Migration Review 28(1):3–30.

Walsh, S. A. (2012). Beyond the Polish: An Examination of Hazardous Conditions in Nail Salons and Potential Solutions for the Industry in New York City. Journal of Law & Policy, 21(1), 243–282.

Woodbury, W. A. (1910). Beauty culture: A practical handbook on the care of the person, designed for both professional and private use. G.W. Dillingham.

Woodbury, W. A. (1915). The Care of the Hand: A Practical Text-Book on Manicuring and the Care of the Hand, for Professional and Private Use. Forgotten Books.

Louisville Beauty Academy – Nhà ở cho thuê trong khoảng cách đi bộ của trường

Học viện thẩm mỹ Louisville rất vui được xây dựng mối quan hệ với Tran Family Properties và có nhà (bất động sản) cho thuê ̣ dành cho học viên khi cần. Chúng tôi có các cư hộ cho thuê nằm trong khoảng cách đi bộ của Học viện thẩm mỹ Louisville nằm trên đường Bardstown (Highland of Louisville). Chương trình này được phát triển cho sự tiện lợi của học viên Louisville Beauty Academy, và cho phép học viên của chúng tôi tập trung vào việc học.
Gọi cho trường chúng tôi và hỏi về cư hộ cho thuê của trường học trong trường hợp bạn cần.